The many varieties of Ethiopian sesame seeds make it suitable for a wide range of applications, either as seeds or oil products. Table 1: Sesame Varieties in Ethiopia Source: Crop Variety Register Issue No. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Seed yield of sesame can vary considerably between genotypes and seasons due to GEI (Suvarna et al., 2011). The Ethiopian sesame seed is ranked as one of the best in the world and is one of the countries that harvests the seed the in the world. demand for sesame from Ethiopia is high (Rutes et al., 2015). Today, India and China are the world's largest producers of sesame, followed by Burma, Sudan, Mexico, Nigeria, Venezuela, Turkey, Uganda and Ethiopia. Ethiopian Sesame – Production and Potential. doi: 10.1007/s12298-016-0385-8 The sesame seeds cultivated in Somalia are characterized as being inherently low yielding and having uneven seed sizes. Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Ethiopia Kahsay T. Mawcha 1, *, Mulubrhan M. Gebru 2, Mewael K. Assefa 1, Mebrahtom Mesfin 3, Girma G. Gebre 4 Sesame is the leading export crop in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, cultivated sesame cultivars have indeterminate flowering habit which will continue flowering as long as moisture and nutrients are available. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the extent of genetic variation among yield and 19 yield components. Understanding of genetic variability of characters becomes essential. Sesame is an oil crop known by different names such benniseed (Sesamum indicum) in Nigeria, simsim, til [4]. Contact info . Review of Sesame Value Chain in Ethiopia Terefe Negasa Abebe Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Abstract This current topic has analyzed the sesame value chain particularly the case of Ethiopia. Market Shares in global imports. Analysis - Today, the sesame market in Ethiopia, one of the major exporters of the seeds in the world, is blooming and the reasons are many. The average yield is low due to the use of traditional cultural practices and unimproved local cultivars. Revealed Comparative Advantage help. It requires just 600 to 100 mm of rainfall annually to thrive. The most famous two include Wollega and Humera-1. Sesame humera is a key crop in the western parts of Tigray. The varieties were approved to be cultivated as commercial varieties in eastern Ethiopia in 2016 considering their contribution to the improvement of sesame seed and oil yields in the region. and development of sesame varieties for the optimum and moisture stress areas on collection of sesame germplasms, study of biotic and abiotic factors to enhance sesame productivity. Broadcasting seeds is the most common seeding method used by smallholder farmers. The major competitive advantage of the Wellega type is its high oil content. 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Aksum University Shire Campus, Shire, Ethiopia. While many heirloom varieties begin life as a wild plant, some are later brought to various specialty coffee farms across the country, where they are cultivated, harvested, and processed. 7, 31–40. East Afr. Sesame Seed. The main reasons for low productivity of sesame are its rainfed cultivation in marginal and submarginal lands under poor management and input starved conditions. It is suitable for various bakery products. J. Sci. The Gonder type is also suitable for the bakery market. Sesame cultivars / varieties presently under cultivation do not posses proven field resistance or 2 Department of Biotechnology, Mekelle University Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Genetic distance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) cultivars and varieties from northwestern Ethiopia using inter simple sequence repeat markers. In Ethiopia, the present sesame varieties under cultivation have less than 1 tone ha-1 yield whereas its potential goes up to 2 tonnes ha-1 (Wijnands et al., 2007). PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT Sesame, an erect herbaceous annual plant in the genus Sesamum, locally called “Selit” or “Simsim,” is one of the major economically important oil crops in Ethiopia. For a more in depth look at our processes, check out this video of our organic sesame sourcing project in Ethiopia. Introduction: ello grain farmers today we are here to help you with sesame cultivation income, sesame yield per acre, project report, and net profits, Sesame(Sesameindicum L.) is a popular oil seed crop belongs to the family Pedaliaceae. cultivated in western Ethiopia. In Ethiopia a large number of sesame seed varieties exist. The area covered by sesame and total production is increasing in the last years due to its attractive prices in the export market. However, improved varieties and agro production technologies capable of increasing the productivity levels of sesame are now developed for different agro ecological situations in the country. 0.0% Ranked 168th. Sesame is only the second most exported commodity from the country, coffee being the first. From the organic cultivation of the sesame and the harvest the crop in the Humera region, to processing in Addis Ababa and preparation for export. The seeds are often mixed with sand, soil or ash and then broadcast or drilled by hand in small furrows. Sesame seed is an important crop worldwide, enriched with primary nutrients and bioactive compounds. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. sesame seeds in the world, behind India (FAOSTAT, 2012). Due to its importance as a major export commodity the area coverage and production has increased in the last consecutive years; There is an enormous potential to expand sesame seed production in Ethiopia through cultivation of additional new land. Production Regions. Sesame had good export potential. The productivity of sesame in Ethiopia is below the world average due to lack of high yielding improved varieties. The country mostly trades the crop in whole, raw form. Sesame is a major cash crop, which is mainly produced as an export crop. Ethiopia is a major sesame seed exporter in the world market. Hagos and Fetien (2011) reported that 13 sesame genotypes grown at different sites in the northwestern Ethiopia showed significant genotype by location interactions for seed yield. Today, India and China are the world's largest producers of sesame, followed by Burma, Sudan, Mexico, Nigeria, Venezuela, Turkey, Uganda and Ethiopia. Different Sesame Varieties and Oil Yield, Ethiopia large amounts of oil. This recalls that the increase in productivity of sesame can greatly contribute to the economic development of the country. Shares in this product's production. Sesame, (Sesamum indicum L.), is one of the world’s ancient important oilseed crop cultivated in more than 55 countries of the world belonging to the family Pedaliaceae and native of India. 4.4% Ranked 7th. Ethiopia. ), which is normally not the preference of the recipient world markets. The most commonly known oilseeds (conventional oil seeds) are groundnut, soybean, palm kernel, cotton seed, olive, sunflower seed, sesame seed, linseed, etc. Sesame varieties in Ethiopia go up to 14 distinct types. It has the highest oil content of between 54 and 56 percent. Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Ethiopia Kahsay T. Mawcha 1, *, Mulubrhan M. Gebru 2, Mewael K. Assefa 1, Mebrahtom Mesfin 3, Girma G. Gebre 4. The varieties that are well known are Humera Gonder and Wellega. Sesame seed is one of the oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. The Humera variety is appreciated worldwide for its aroma and sweet taste. Sesame propagation is by broadcasting or seed drilling in rows. 5.9% Ranked 5th. Market Shares in global exports. Above all, the existing local sesame seed variety has mixed seed color coats (white, white creamy, gray, reddish, black, etc. Sesame is popularly known as Til or gingelly. It is estimated that there are between 10,000 and 15,000 heirloom varieties in Ethiopia today, the majority of which have not been formally genetically identified. It was a highly prized oil crop of Babylon and Assyria at least 4,000 years ago. [3]. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods. Sesame is commonly grown as a rainfed crop in north western part of Ethiopia, but its productivity significantly improved when the crop is cultivated under irrigation. Sesame is Ethiopia’s most vital oilseed in both local and export markets. World production in 1985 was 2.53 million tons on 16.3 million acres. In 2005/06 Ethiopia exported 237, 565 tons valued at about US$198M (84 million Birr), accounting for roughly 94% of the total export earning from oilseeds and 19% of total national export earning, according to the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX). In April 2008, the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX) was established as a platform for the trade of undifferentiated crops such as wheat, maize, sesame and haricot beans. Its seed coat is white or ashen-colored. Organic Sesame from Ethiopia. Sesame (/ ˈ s ɛ z ə m iː / or / ˈ s ɛ s ə m iː /; Sesamum indicum) is a flowering plant in the genus Sesamum, also called benne. 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