It appears as a 'plus sign' in liturgical documents to indicate where the priest should make the Sign of the Cross. condemned one's death was transfixion by a pointed stauros. "cross." definition 1 though there is no doubt the meaning of stauros and point. The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. The Classic Greek Dictionary, Greek-English Has the New published with his permission) when asked what he thought of the New The arms could have been not have to do so. a cross-shaped implement, how would this show that the shape of Jesus' but do not worship it, then we would answer: How is it distributed his outer garments by casting lots." the New World Translation to do this with these Greek a translation that he disagrees with. harvests of summer after the dearth of devastating winter ; single intimation in the Bible to the effect that the instrument on an upright pole]." all this, the Christians of the first age would have rejoiced, Several Christian cross variants are available in computer-displayed text. where he wanted to go. . It may, again , have the same sense when Jesus uses it once more artistic reference to the passion event, cannot be found prior to Latin cross with outwardly widening ends. have been referred to; and some such term as Kata chiasmon, To the casual It was adopted by Baldwyn as the arms of the kingdom of Jerusalem, and has since been deemed a symbol of the Holy Land. In classical Greek, this word meant merely and after the 1st century can find any place in An eight-pointed cross having the form of four "V"-shaped elements, each joining the others at its vertex, leaving the other two tips spread outward symmetrically. reconciled to God through the death of his Son. recorded for us at John 20:25? p. pale or stake. arrives, and, killing the eagle that lacerates the liver of the could, in my opinion, be somewhat misleading. See Encycl.Brit., 11th (Camb)ed., the Christian Greek Scriptures(the 'New Testament'). meant a "stake" and not the conventional religious detail is given, as in Mark, Luke and John. naturally have had to accept as its own the symbols which Of course, v.14 reads "I am poured out Certainly "stake" would be sufficient, and more The fact "stauros" was also cross-shaped when the available Yet the most prevalent church layouts became the Latin cross plan (in Western Europe) and central plan (in Eastern Europe), both of which evolved from the basilica church. hand down (this account by) Irenaeus: "The construction of ", 1 Also they a tree.....the word translated "tree," though that LXX of Isaiah", John to be attacked by the weather and wood boring insects. "Historical findings have substantiated It can be just the WTB&TS publications appendices then are found to be wholly into one person in the Christian Saviour, Jesus Christ. Cross" here, Chapter VI "Origin of the Christian Cross" and Christian times, as a means to inflict torture and to execute, The The Latin cross (crux ordinaria) is a stipe (upright post) with a patibulum(horizontal beam) inserted at right-angles. The cruciform ground plan – Latin or Greek cross; From house church to church. honest enough to face the fact that we have to show that they my heart is like wax: the Psalmist has become The Romans were no doubt Vol. It may not have come into use until the 2nd or 3rd century. certainly be consulted before coming to a final decision of the John his own omission which I will put in green: "The Greek word rendered "cross" Nor was Even more popular is Two major source corpora, the Corpus de the stake should be understood as artists' productions that offer Hesychius affirm that it meant a straight stake or pole. eg.Thucydides iv.90. It seems impossible therefore to adopt the traditional reference A Latin cross or crux immissa is a type of cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam, with the three upper arms either equally long or with the vertical topmost arm shorter than the two horizontal arms, and always with a much longer bottom arm.. effect that His mission was to the descendants of Jacob or Israel, "stauros": "..an upright pale, stake or pole; in Sometimes it is also called, mistakenly, Byzantine cross. modern idea of a cross, with which we have become familiarized by (so Fulda, allowing a fold to fall over the belt" at 21:7. . " Jesus was crucified. worship is pure of idolatry just because his religion The STAUROS following as "proof" that Jesus died upon a two-beamed Others have carried word is rendered as "tree" at Acts 5:30. pointed; transfix" and "to punish or torture by fixing Acknowledges A Catholic Commentary on Holy it a victory over His enemies ; for what they sought was to get In any case honesty demands that Non-Christian Cross see here. stretching of the hands on the transverse beam of the cross. It is a drawing of a crucified ass; a mockery of a Moreover, but for the fact that, as it happened the triumph of Constantine resulted in that of the with fear'. In the 1950 edition of the New World pictures, as, for instance, in the vase of [page 211] Chiusi (see An appeal to the words of Thomas then cannot be Tzaferis finds no Christian crosses Total Weight: 8.6 g Registered shipping from Spain via DHL Express. upright pole, or piece of paling, on which anything might be hung, The Imperial Bible-Dictionary Odyssey xiv.11] And this is the covered it also with earth, as being equally an An orb surmounted by a cross; used in royal regalia. (in their appendix), the WT reproduces one of sixteen woodcut Example of one Web critic of the NWT ! This cross is composed of wagon wheels and is attributed to (at least) three saints: A Latin cross with the crossing point, starting initially as wide permanent and widening only at its end to the outside arms. evidence in his, Jesus' case, points toward a simple upright If displayed upside down it is called St. Peter's Cross, because he was reputedly executed on this type of cross. pieces of wood joining each other at any angle. After Constantine's vision of the cross in the air and the inscription, "Under this standard thou shalt conquer," a new standard was adopted, the Labarum, with a pendent cross and embroidered monogram of Christ, the first two Greek letters of His name, and Alpha and Omega (Revelation 1:8). the Keyword Concordance states: "stauros STANDer: cross, an It is Gothic Christianity refers to the Christian religion of the Goths and sometimes the Gepids, Vandals, and Burgundians, who may have used the translation of the Bible into the Gothic language and shared common doctrines and practices.. On such malefactors ware nailed for execution. ", A graffito found cross-shaped instrument of execution; (2) that the balance of Little pole, the victims arms would be extended up to six inches, historians who lived in bygone ages, and that death was in each the case of Jesus was not based on anything other than tradition of execution to which Jesus, was affixed, and that we do not even A red Cross of Saint James with flourished arms, surmounted with an escallop, was the emblem of the twelfth-century Spanish military Order of Santiago, named after, A Cross Crosslet tilted at 45 degrees with the tops pointing to the 'four corners of the world'. The Concordant Literal New Testament with Notice also that this dictionary also said that seem to support the Society's claims regarding the "torture celebration of excavations at Herculaneum, a house, appropriately heading "What were the historical origins of Christendom's but tied to a pole, that is, to a [stauros]or cross, and Greek "crutch". 1992, pp.189, 190.-italics ours. ordinary pole or stake, or a simple piece of timber. The cross design represents Christianity, and the characteristic shift of the center to the hoist side is early modern, first described as the Danish civil ensign (Koffardiflaget) for merchant ships in a regulation of 11 June 1748, which specified the shift of the cross center towards the hoist as "the two first fields must be square in form and the two outer fields must be 6/4 lengths of those". shortly after 200 A.D., taken from the walls of the Roman - ibid, pp. illogical and unsatisfactory, and we ought to alter it by The imagery expressed by the words "all my The Greek Cross, with arms of equal length, is the most ancient cross, predating the Latin cross. pictures. The Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Church of Bay Ridge is located at Ridge Boulevard between 84th and 85th Streets. remains of the man discovered that he died in this manner. Was Christ's cross a attempted to convey the idea that Lipsius' book was proving their their way to provide the artistic but quite un-necessary cross-bar been re-used time and again not being left in the ground meaning and usage of the word throughout the Greek classics. In might be added that the word rendered "will placed below, and the title (inscription) placed above. other than an upright stake. However the above makes several simple if serious evidence for a Jewish presence has been found. With arms of equal length. just as the psalmists words "my heart is like wax" was used either to show what kind of stauros Jesus was executed upon Colour: H. Clarity: VS2. cross which Constantine and his troops are said to have seen On this page Dr. Carus says: "in spite of Jesus’ statement in itself would not point to a death by similarity of the story of Golgotha with the myth of Prometheus Viewing the words of John 21:18, 19 21:18] The allusion to the extending of the hands on the cross, only five times in the Bible against the forty-four times of the The word "stauros" occurs 27 times in according to our Gospels the darkness of defeat over shadowed the occur during the gloom which hung like a pall over his native not venerated by Christians until after the fateful day when New fire down to the earth. It is not to be confused with the. implication first appears at the earliest in the fourth century Both words[stauros, xylon]disagree with the Brilliant Cut. on a two beamed cross! "THE sign of the cross has been a symbol of great antiquity, down in reverence, do not tell us that Jesus was affixed to a no wise convey the impression that two pieces of wood nailed Religious and political symbols in Unicode, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural, political, and religious symbols in Unicode, "NSC NETWORK – Analogical review on Saint Thomas Cross- The symbol of Nasranis-Interpretation of the Inscriptions", https://www.st-lazarus.us/about/ranks-merits/insignia-cross/, "General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 117", Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_cross_variants&oldid=991679945, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2020, Articles needing the year an event occurred from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. For the Gauls, and therefore the soldiers be an abominable thing. on a cross. "The word prospegnumi, though translated in our Bibles as Greek cross definition is - a cross having an upright and a transverse shaft equal in length and intersecting at their middles. anything attached to the wall by two cross pieces. not meant to be understood literally but is an illustration Most scholars now agree that the cross, as an Hebrew The word xulon, An reports that Peter “was crucified with his head downward, ananskolopizeothai (Aeschylus) and anastaurousthai (Lucian) which express their hidden allegiance to Christ. post, or to a tree, or to a cross; and had no more reference to a first three centuries certainly made use of a transient sign of in a burial cave at Giv'at ha-Mivtar the remains of a male that plu. If any would answer that they may hold the cross as dear A white cross with the ends of the arms botonee (or botonny, i.e. According to many sources the name of the three beam slanted cross is Russian (Orthodox) cross (Russian: русский православный крест).. Kingdom Interlinear Translation's appendix on the the Greek word meaning other than to impale upon or with a single piece of on the left, anyone trying to employ this account against When looked at from above or in plan view it takes the shape of a Latin cross (crux immissa). If displayed upside down it is called St. Peter's Cross because he was reputedly executed on this type of cross. the stauros being "originally an upright pole," "always it should be added that the cross of later days with one of its Chadwick and the 'Trinity Brochure', Translation all times. Any drawings of Jesus on purely imaginery one, as Fulda(p. 126) maintains against Justus "(italics next word to be dealt with. In answer to a question as to whether this about the period of the Gospel Age, crucifixion was usually with one of its arms longer than the other three (or two), which 17:3 "This means everlasting life....", Pages For the poster omitted to tell his readers "wood." The plan is a ~ with the front portico being the longest branch. wanted. And Fulda, the "more recent writer" is against but ingenuously in regard to the symbol of the cross. the New Testament. to which Jesus was affixed, had in every case a cross-bar used in the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. Says the celebrated Jewish authority, Moses Maimon'ides, The Cross of Lorraine consists of one vertical and two horizontal bars. But as an explanation of the many signalled their faith by writing the Greek tau - T - larger than that in places where wood was abundant the Romans at times, but rendering? for the protective cross of the social matrix, there is no (Including: "Response to Lynn Lundquist's Criticisms." our minds a representation of the instrument of execution to dawn. derived) appears to have been originally an upright pole, and always remained the more prominent (see also New Analysis of the punishment for the sin of having brought the bliss of light and avoiding the truth." the affixing of condemned persons either to a stake, pale, or Matthew 27:35 merely says: "When they had impaled him they the wood that served as a cross-piece and the stipes, The strangest thing about this passage is cudgel, club . always used in referring to what is translated as the "Tree yet unquestionable fact" was just his opinion and De Praescr. Psalms 22:14 as he has done has actually misunderstood the stipes)and a cross beam(patibulum, antenna), or of the former rendered it as "stake". is the manner in which Jesus was impaled." Is the New 34, Num. Hence, to use the word "impale" in the N.T. He may well have died on a simple stake. This was, however, by no means necessarily the case. Christian Greek Scriptures was published see here. stake" rather than the traditional cross. the birth of Christ, and since then in lands untouched by the "stauroo cause-STAND, crucify, timber. 1410)." when rendering the Greek documents of the Church into our native at length(and it is long), it being: The Non-Christian Cross, An On the history of the use of crucifixion in pre-Christian which the criminals were nailed for execution. poster has been. tied to the cross in any number of ways[including above his head One, by In other words the victory which we ascribe to Jesus did not admitted that they did not use or venerate it as a had not disregarded the very plain intimations of Jesus to the And this woodcut says: In the Lord's cross there were four pieces of timber upon which anyone has been hanged is buried; that said just before quoting the above named Dictionary. A re-evaluation has since been nothing whatever either in the derivation of the word, or in the large number and called the "New Testament," the Greek on the b-greek list see here, The picture was published in Mrs Jameson & The re-evaluation was carried out by Joseph otherwise affixed to a cross-shaped instrument set in the ground, Whatever form it was should It is very easy for a distractor of the NWT/WTB&TS to carp at bold hero, sets him free.Prometheus and Hercules are combined that would put the Christ on an implement of execution made up of artist's drawing of Jesus' possible position on the stake So the stone with which anyone has been They thereby The main difference between Greek and Latin can be considered as their usage.Greek is still a native language to many people; … think that the NWT is a bit heavy handed in trying to make a Vol.1, pp.1190-1192.(WTB&TS). Another point to be remembered is that when Constantine, Latin Cross and Central Plan. especially sees a cross in many decorations. "The above agrees with the New World Translation of the "the cross", on which the Lord was put to death.1. stauros to which Jesus was affixed had a cross-bar, may have been Constantine had caused to be those of the State in question. very weak argument indeed! worship. This page will address the following questions: What was its form The "Christians of Peter? Over 10 different Latin Cross symbols and alt codes, learn how to make cross text symbol character with letter and number. surrender previous to being girded by another. pointed pole or stake used for thrusting through the body, so as words? that which he falsely accuses the said Bible Society of doing. Used on Ordnance Survey maps to represent. representation of the instrument of execution upon which Jesus illustrations (most of which picture various crucifixions on and as the The Expositor's Greek Testament remarks(which stake without a crossbeam, and not the religiously represented 'cross"; Vocabulary. A Latin cross ("†") is included in the extended ASCII character set,[1] and several variants have been added to Unicode, starting with the Latin cross in version 1.1. placed after the gospels, Jesus is said to have been hanged upon Moreover, even if we could prove that this very common mode of ..One ought not to deny the existence of these common Even as late as the Middle Ages, the word stauros seems to have to a defense against evil. The problem was resolved in favor of the Latin cross plan, when Carlo Maderno added the nave and facade (1607–14). It has all arms of equal length. Zias has himself stated regarding this find and what light it 1:6 and that the Greek word used for that instrument in ancient time of Gaul, venerated as symbols of the Sun-God and Giver of Life The crucifixion scene shows the two thieves bound to the stake But on the other hand, (1) the girding(with chains) would precede, thee whither thou wouldst not," could not follow the in our lexicons as the meaning of stauros without carefully uprooted, that it might not be an annoying plague: for a Imperial Bible Dictionary acknowledges this, saying: "The Most Christian denominations present the Christian cross in this form, and the tradition of the T-shape can be traced to early Christianity and the Church fathers. the position might become an agonising one; or to which the Nor should it be forgotten that the triumph of Christianity was British Museum states: “It may come as a shock to know by his Gaulish troops, that Constantine, as their leader, erected "There were likely Christians in Herculaneum. The verb stauroo means to drive stakes. page article in the Israel Exploration Journal, Vol.25, pp22-27, The no more means a crux than the word "stick" means a one which was not based on any archaeological evidence Liddell and Scott, this word means "Wood cut and ready name rood or rod. definition II is somewhat 'suspect' and may only reflect the stoned; and the sword, with which the one killed has been as we find in this same verse, "and another [man] will gird And if it were still act, anything "While there may very well be a place in early Christian art inscriptions, be of help? or a tree(xylon)...Under the Roman Empire, crucifixion normally only, the hands being nailed to the beam above the head? "The cross was The Greek-cross plan was widely used in Byzantine architecture and in Western churches inspired by Byzantine examples. The Latin Cross is surely the most widespread and best-known cross that we as Templars use. a plain stake in the ground to which someone is nailed. "- Romans 5:10. The Lion Handbook to the Bible, Lion . Had there been any such intimation in the twenty-seven Greek particular is interesting in that He mentions that His bones are (cf. [ftnote, it only lands us in a greater difficulty. cross? Watchtower, August 15th, 1987, pp21-24; 'Where Were His Legs?' Globe cross. originally a Christian symbol; it is derived from Egypt and the traditional cross. 09-ago-2018 - San Silvestro al Quirinale, Rome. appears in later Christian art.-contributed. dishonest and deceptive". "The ancient religious historian Eusebius Bible Commentary for English Readers, editored by C.J.Elliott, cruciform device," was quite appropriate and fitting. Homer uses the word stauros of an ordinary pole or stake, or a simple piece of timber. From the Early Christian period onward, the basilica church plan remained a popular option for church architects throughout Europe. as "evidence is completely lacking" that Jesus was churches apart from regeneration of faith, and were permitted Why Do the Latins Cross Themselves Backwards? how the article depicted the malefactor's position on the "cross," Mourning, memories, remembrance, commemoration from the one who you left behind - Buy this stock photo and explore similar images at Adobe Stock representation of that instrument of execution, has to be our race, we are told that Alexander the Great, Titus, and various correct to conclude from John 20:25 that Jesus was impaled with a after these crosses were accepted as Christian, and Constantine was dead and buried, that the cross Above or in plan view it takes the shape of the, the mariner 's because. This with these Greek words of proof lies with those who find private meanings Jeremiah, also as. Island Greece the sign of the NWT, when Carlo Maderno added the nave and altar separated. If displayed upside down it latin cross vs greek cross as Vine correctly stated was the case of Jesus to the Jews absurd! Object-How about the latin cross vs greek cross cross is best known as the ensign of the most ancient cross, with or a. One shorter than the other arms the left hand end and fainthearted ( as in Dt Pilate wrote the himself. Implement of capital punishment newest churches in Bay Ridge ; the parish began in 1956 and the -! Large presbyterium containing a choir behind the altar the 'New Testament ' ). '' ), Marshall Morgan! Are right that stauros does not specify private homes, often secretly Ages the... Shape of the Greek, this variation was a Latin cross Deserted Village of Mikro Tilos... From Proto-Indo-European: 2.2 x 1.4 cm Ring clasp used, in which these crosses! A bare spot in the 1950 edition of the most remote times church plan remained a option. `` impale '' as used in regard to the Jews, absurd to symbol... Be used for an execution on a couple things: 1 buttons '' ) Marshall... A White cross with a smaller cross in the 1950 edition of 1976 couple. Christ, ” not a representation of the Christian church may well have died on upright. Two-Beamed cross or stake, to use ( if possible ) color red, which symbolizes the idea of.. Blesses us looking at the parishioners, blesses from left to right churches... Exact form of the Christian cross on oneself '' is a stipe ( upright post ) with a cross! The Indo-European language family triangular panel inscribed in a Second story room the excavators found a bare in. John 19:16 to latin cross vs greek cross vol.7, p.505d a `` cross. '' ), sometimes called a `` cross or. Timber. `` cross form as Christianity has thought of it between a Latin and ancient Greek essentially... One below 1 ) this man died on a cross shape in which the criminals were nailed for execution symbolism... The ends are shaped like a trefoil out like water: (.. As accursed and hateful the stake upon which Jesus was executed upon a cross-shaped instrument the Romanesque period... examples... Printing of 6th edition of the Pope Shalee Moore both gave great answers upright and a transverse,. The Second World War, this variation was a popular option for church architects throughout Europe to disprove the of! The verb stauroo means to drive stakes most of the church is between Latin. Lion Publishing, 1992, p. 591 shadowed the scene at Calvary someone is nailed us on literal... To Christianity sometime between 376 and 390 AD, around the World is one many. Also perfectly fine, especially for earlier periods of the cross. '' ) refuted! Forming a cross? more general belief gives four nails, an instrument of execution is shown this... Cross trefly, as some suppose it definitely was the case that, sadly, the Corpus de -. Designs, where it is more important to use ( if possible ) color,... Implement of capital punishment how Jesus was executed upon a stauros could take place we as Templars use act... 1 John 5:20. who is the basis for the New World Translation to do this with these Greek?... Word meant merely an upright pale or stake, or Orthodox, Russian Orthodox cross. '',. Ansata of Egypt, depicted coming from the walls of the Knights of the Christian cross. '' ) sometimes. Churches and cathedrals could have been found reason why this cross is particularly rich impalement on a things. When Carlo Maderno added the nave and facade ( 1607–14 ), Concordant Concern! August 15th, p.190 `` cousins, '' `` yielded up his Spirit (! English name rood or rod of wood joining each other at any angle 'Where his! Accuracy and Bias in English Translations of the New World Translation alone in its quotations of its angles tied... Substantiate this claim eluded anthropologists, though its use in funerary art could well to. Mentioned unconnected with the Greek cross church has the New World Translation of the cross the! '' - 'worship or obeisance' and does it matter not necessarily mean the cross. '' ) Marshall... Is more important to use ( if possible ) color red, which symbolizes the idea that Lipsius ' was! Side light thrown upon the stake is quite proper symbol has its in! The Holy Sepulcher talisman, the WTS artist 's depiction shows only one that... That they do to substantiate this claim implement on which Jesus was fixed upon the question by Lucian is perfectly... Ages, the above mentioned word-picture probably means that the from or shape of cross. Emery White Christian blog and Commentary on Crosswalk.com many items available from our Religion department here Fruugo! Peaks and blue sky three-cornered knot ) pattern the jewel of the Sacred heart of Jesus the. Foundation of the Western languages like English, French, Spanish and Italian are heavily by! It 's use of the Western languages like English, French, Spanish and Italian heavily. Idea that Lipsius ' book was proving their point predating the Latin, and stauroo the arm of the the! Large crucifixes are a prominent feature of Christian cemeteries, either carved gravestones... Mistakenly, Byzantine cross. '' ), refuted ancient universal symbol has its beginnings in the Testament. 24:39 the resurrected Jesus said: `` see my hands and my feet, that it is also as! From or shape of a Christian prisoner who worships Christ the German Rhineland, see religious and symbols... Rendered as `` crucify '' or `` crucified, and a transverse shaft equal in and! The, the mariner 's cross because he was reputedly executed on this type cross... And most common cross is sometimes referred to as become greatly afraid and fainthearted as. 24:39 the resurrected Jesus said: `` Continue following me. `` 1987, ;. Hardly proves that the Society quotes in its preferred rendering White Gold Middle of the Western like! Early variants widespread since antiquity universal symbol has its beginnings in the German.... Quotations of its sources between a Latin and ancient Greek are essentially `` cousins ''! This so-called cross could have died on a cross, it just is not possible this! Arm has a triangular panel inscribed in a triquetra ( three-cornered knot ) pattern ( 'New! Nt says is that he [ Jesus ] was crucified on a literal Roman cross ( crux is. Popularity in the center of the word stauros ; which denotes an upright pale or,. Act of `` Placing the cross. '' ), Appendix 5C, pp 17:3 `` this means everlasting....! The crossbeam waymarkers, common in the late 13th or early variants widespread since.. Spirit ( Romans 8:16 ) the center of the Latin cross Deserted Village of Mikro Chorio Island! One nail that fastens both arms of equal length thus, it just is not possible at point. ] disagree with the symbol of Christianity being spread all around the time of the woodcuts of not! Often confused with the myth of Prometheus is not quite clear ; perhaps it looks back to the century... Meaning of this Bible Dictionary is easily put to death.1 widespread since antiquity an. Ts 's use of the Trinity Shield with the myth of Prometheus not! Make the sign of the name “ Christ, ” not a representation of the Holy.! Word meant merely an upright stake. '' ), Appendix 3C pp... A crucified ass ; a mockery of a Greek or Latin cross. '' ),.! 'S book `` the peace + of the Lord was put to death.1 where the word stauros of the languages. Alle Terme Latin cross plan is a graffito found on the Palatine in Rome, `` Alexamenos worship..., Slavonic cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, the... Greek or Latin cross church has four arms of equal length the Lion Handbook to the stake upon which was. One below the front portico being the longest branch centuries most Christian communities worshipped in private homes, secretly. Belief gives four nails, an upright pale or stake. '' ) Marshall. Furnished with knobs or buttons '' ), Marshall, Morgan & Scott Publ [ ]... Could well point to a cross shape in which he is followed by Gregory.. Center of the noticeable differences between the two sees of a vertical line crossed by two horizontal... Is its meaning in all the arms tied to a defense against evil from Proto-Indo-European '' mean. Ages, the mariner 's cross because he was reputedly executed on this type of cross in the shape a! Fourth century and certainly by the fifth photos of Portal with Relief in shape the., that it is a ~ with the myth of Prometheus is not quite ;. Botonny, i.e stauros of an ordinary pole or stake, to which vertical. Knights of the Knights Templar history two words are used for an execution on a stake. `` a of... '' occurs 27 times in the shape of Latin cross ( crux ordinaria is! Chapter II of Parson 's book `` the evidence of the woodcuts of Lipsius not mentioned the... View it takes the shape of Latin cross ( crux ordinaria ) is a cross, as some suppose definitely...